Kalaripayattu

Kalaripayattu is a personal combat training system that includes exercises to develop sharp reflexes for unarmed combat and skilful fighting using sticks, daggers, knives, spears, swords and shields, urumi etc. It is also noted for its high-flying acrobatics. So, in learning Kalaripayattu, one learns unarmed fighting, wielding weapons and acrobatics.

Kalaripayattu is one of the oldest surviving martial arts in India. Known as "the mother of all martial arts," Kalaripayattu is composed of two words, Kalari means “place of combat”, and Payattu means “fighting” in Malayalam.

The origin of Kalaripayattu dates back to the 3rd century BC. The saint Pasrshurama, the sixth incarnation of Vishnu, is said to be the founder of Kalaripayattu, who established 42 Kalaris and taught twenty-one masters of these Kalaris to protect the land of Kerala

It spread and flourished during the 100-year war period between the powerful dynasties of Cholas, Cheras & Pandyas around the 11th century until the British rule in the 19th century banned it. From the late 20th century, the practice of Kalari has gradually gained popularity as part of the initiatives to promote traditional art forms in South India.

Traditionally, the Kalari centres are like a temple. The Kalari is constructed four feet dug down the ground; the interiors of the Kalari are 42 feet in length and 21 feet in width. Towards the southwest corner, the poothara is placed and houses the guardian deity of Kalari. The seven-tier step resembling a pyramid symbolises the seven qualities a Kalari practitioner must possess.

Styles of Kalaripayattu

There are mainly two main styles of Kalarippayattu:

Vadakkan or Nothern Style

The Vadakkan Kalarippayattu is predominantly practised in the Malabar region of Kerala. It emphasises more on graceful body movement and weaponry.

Tekken or Southern Style

The Thekken Kalarippayattu or Adi Murai is practised mainly in the Travancore region. It involves more free-armed techniques & powerful movements.

Irrespective of the type, high emphasis is given to the oil massage at the beginning of each practice, called Kalari Uzhichil, to enhance flexibility, improve mental sharpness and stimulate the flow of prana.

Stages of learning in Kalaripayattu

The practice of Kalaripayattu is divided mainly into four stages:
Maithari: Body Control Exercises
Kolthari: Practise wooden weapons
Ankathari: Practice of metal weapons
Verumkai: Bare hand fighting techniques

That’s not all! The practitioner who has mastered the martial training in all four stages will be guided on Marma Chikitsa with traditional medicines. The healing system is based on the knowledge of Marmas (Vital spots) and the body’s energy channels. Kalari Gurus mainly developed medicinal applications to heal injuries while fighting. This also helps to improve the fighting capabilities of students.

Today, Kalaripayattu is practised for self-defence and as a performing art, promoting physical fitness, flexibility, discipline, and coordination. It has gained popularity in India and worldwide as a unique and captivating martial art form with deep cultural and historical significance.

Benefits Of Kalaripayattu

Physical Fitness: Kalaripayattu is an excellent form of physical exercise that promotes strength, flexibility, agility, endurance, and overall fitness. The rigorous training routines involve various body movements, postures, and techniques that engage multiple muscle groups.
Self-Defence: Kalaripayattu equips practitioners with self-defence skills as a martial art. The training emphasises practical and efficient combat techniques for protecting oneself in dangerous situations.
Increased Focus and Concentration: Kalaripayattu requires intense focus and concentration to execute precise movements and respond quickly to opponents. Regular practice can enhance mental acuity, concentration, balance and control.
Personality Development: Kalaripayattu strongly emphasises discipline, respect, humility, perseverance, and self-control. Practitioners learn to control their emotions and reactions during training and combat scenarios.
Stress Relief: Kalaripayattu incorporates meditation and specific breathing techniques (Pranayama) to develop mental clarity, focus, and a connection between body and mind. This and the rigorous physical movements help reduce stress and promote a sense of calm and relaxation.
Cultural Heritage: Kalaripayattu carries a deep cultural significance as one of the oldest martial arts in the world. Practising it allows individuals to connect with their heritage and India's rich history.

Overall, Kalaripayattu offers a comprehensive physical and mental well-being approach while fostering a deep connection to India's cultural heritage. It remains a revered and cherished martial art with benefits that extend beyond the physical realm.